Bali is the name of one of the provinces in Indonesia and also the name of the largest island which became part of the province. In addition consists of the island of Bali, Bali Provincial territory also comprises the islands of the smaller nearby island of Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, Nusa Ceningan and Serangan island.
Bali is situated between the islands of Java and Lombok. The provincial capital is Denpasar municipality in the southern part of the island. The majority of the population of Bali is Hindu religions. In the world, Bali is famous as a tourism destination with the uniqueness of the various results and cultural art, especially for the Japan and Australia. Bali is also known as the island of the gods and the island of a thousand temples.
The first residents of the island of Bali is estimated to come in at 3000-2500 BC that migrated from Asia. Relics of stone tools from this period found in the village of Cekik which is located in the western part of the island. Prehistoric times then end with the coming of Hinduism and Sanskrit writings from India in 100 BC.
Bali culture and then got the strong influence of the culture of India who process the sooner after the 1st century AD. The name Balidwipa (Bali) found in various inscriptions, including the Blanjong Inscriptions issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 M and mention the word Walidwipa. Estimated around this time subak irrigation system for rice planting began to be developed. Some of the religious and cultural traditions also began to develop at the time. Majapahit (1293 – 1500 AD) Hindu and is based in the island of Java, had founded the Kingdom of subordinates in Bali around the year 1343 M. It was almost the entire country Hindu, but over the coming Islamic kingdoms stand Islam in Indonesia, which among other things led to the collapse of Majapahit. Many nobles, priests, artists and other Hindu community when it departed from Java to Bali.
Europeans first discovered Bali is Cornelis de Houtman of Netherlands in 1597, although a Portuguese ship previously stranded near Cape Bukit, Jimbaran, in 1585. Netherlands via the VOC began to implement penjajahannya in the land of Bali, but will continue resistance until the end of his reign so that their position in Bali is not sekokoh their position in Java or Maluku. Starting from the northern part of Bali, since 1840-an attendance of Netherlands has become permanent, originally performed with various sheep pitted ruler of Bali that mistrust each other. Netherlands big assault by sea and by land toward the area of Sanur and Denpasar area followed by. Bali's Party lost the amount of weaponry or don't want to experience shame due to surrender, thus precipitating the war to death or of involving all the people both men and women including his King. It is estimated as many as 4,000 people were killed in the incident, although the Netherlands has ordered them to surrender. Furthermore, the Governor of the Netherlands who reigned only a few give influence on the island, so that local control of religion and culture generally does not change.
Japan occupied Bali during World War II and then a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai of Bali form ' freedom fighters '. Following the surrender of Japan in the Pacific in August 1945, the Netherlands soon returned to Indonesia (including Bali) to re-establish its colonial Government as a State before the war. This was opposed by the forces of resistance Bali then use weapons Japan.
On November 20, 1945, Battle Of 1946 split occurred in the village of Marga, Tabanan Regency, Bali. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, a 29-year-old led his army from the eastern region of Bali to take the offensive to death in the Netherlands armed forces. All members of the battalion of the Balinese were killed all of them and a Balinese military resistance makes it as the last.
In the year 1946 Netherlands made Bali as one of the 13 districts of East Indonesia State part of the newly proclaimed, i.e., as one of the country's rival for the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali later also incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia States when the Netherlands recognized the independence of Indonesia on December 29, 1949. The year 1950, formally of Bali left perserikatannya with Netherlands and legally became a province of the Republic of Indonesia.
The eruption of Mount Agung in 1963, had a chance to shake the people's economy and caused many inhabitants of Bali transmigrates into various other areas in Indonesia.
Tahun 1965, seiring dengan gagalnya kudeta oleh G30S terhadap pemerintah nasional di Jakarta, di Bali dan banyak daerah lainnya terjadilah penumpasan terhadap anggota dan simpatisan Partai Komunis Indonesia. Di Bali, diperkirakan lebih dari 100.000 orang terbunuh atau hilang. Meskipun demikian, kejadian-kejadian pada masa awal Orde Baru tersebut sampai dengan saat ini belum berhasil diungkapkan secara hukum.
Serangan teroris telah terjadi pada 12 Oktober 2002, berupa serangan Bom Bali 2002 di kawasan pariwisata Pantai Kuta, menyebabkan sebanyak 202 orang tewas dan 209 orang lainnya cedera. Serangan Bom Bali 2005 juga terjadi tiga tahun kemudian di Kuta dan pantai Jimbaran. Kejadian-kejadian tersebut mendapat liputan internasional yang luas karena sebagian besar korbannya adalah wisatawan asing dan menyebabkan industri pariwisata Bali menghadapi tantangan berat beberapa tahun terakhir ini.
Reff : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Bali
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