Java is an island in Indonesia with a population of about 136 million. The most populous island in the world and is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. Java is inhabited by 60% of the population of Indonesia. Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, is located in the western part of Java. Many of Indonesia's history took place on the island. First, Java is a Center for Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, Islamic sultanates, Netherlands East Indies colonial rule, as well as the independence movements in Indonesia. The island has a major impact on the lives of the social, political, and economics of Indonesia.

Java is an island that is largely formed from volcanic activity, is the thirteenth largest island in the world and fifth largest in Indonesia. A row of volcanoes forming a lineup that stretches from the East to the West of the island. There are three main language on the island, but the majority of the population using the Java language. The Java language is the mother tongue of the 60 million residents of Indonesia, and the majority of speakers dwelt on the island of Java. Most of the population is bilingual, speaking both as the first language of Indonesia as well as the second. Most of the population of Javanese are Muslim, but there are many different beliefs, religions, ethnic groups, and cultures on the island.

The origin of the name ' Java ' is not clear. One possibility is the name of the island comes from the jáwa-wut plant, which many found on the island in ancient times, before the entry of India influence this island may have many names. There are also allegations that the island is derived from the word jaú meaning "far away". In Sanskrit yava means barley, a crop plant that made the island famous. Yawadvipa is mentioned in the epic Ramayana is India. Sugriva, the Commander of the Vanara (monkey man) of Sri Rama, sending their emissaries to Yawadvipa (Java) to find the goddess Shinta. Then based on literature India especially Tamil library, called by the name yāvaka Sanskrit dvīpa (dvīpa = Island). Another alleged is that the word "Java" comes from the root word in Proto-Austronesian, meaning ' House

The island is part of a cluster of Huge Sunda Islands and sundaland, which at the time before the melting ice is the Southeast tip of the Asian continent. Fossil remains of Homo erectus, popularly dubbed "the Java man", found along the Bank of the Solo River area, and the relics date from the 1.7 million years ago. The site of prehistoric site Sangiran is an important one in Java. Some megalithic structures have been found in Java, for example a menhir, dolmen, stone tables, and cascading commonly known pyramids Constructed Stairs. Constructed with staircase and the menhir found in megalithic sites in G1ofl, Cisolok, and mountain Pasture, West Java. Cipari megalithic sites which are also found in West Java showed the structure of the stone monolith, the terrace, and the sarcophagus. Constructed with staircase is considered as the original strukstur archipelago and is the basic design of the building of the Temple in ancient Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms of the Malay Archipelago after local residents received the influence of the Hindu-Buddhist civilizations of India. In the 4th century BC to the 1st century or 5th M Buni Culture i.e. culture pottery clay soils develop in the North coast of West Java. Culture protosejarah this is the predecessor of the Tarumanagara Kingdom.

The island of Java which is very fertile and high rain checked allows the development of rice cultivation in the wetlands, thereby encouraging the formation level of cooperation among the village's increasingly complex. From the village of alliances, evolved small kingdoms. The ranks of the volcanic mountains and the surrounding plateau that stretches along the island of Java, causing areas of the interior of the island and its people relatively separated from outside influences. In the days before the development of the Islamic countries as well as the advent of European colonialism, the rivers there is a means of transport, although most of the community's main river in Java-short. Only the Brantas River Bengawan Solo can be a means of connecting remotely, so on these river valleys were formed the centerpiece of the great kingdoms.

It is estimated that transportation system consists of a network of permanent roads, bridges, as well as postal levy is established on Java at least in the mid-17th century. Local rulers have power over such routes, dense rain season may also interfere with the trip, and likewise the use of the streets is very dependent on the constant maintenance. It can be said that the relationship between the inhabitants of the island of Java at that time was difficult.